Frequently asked questions about the wolf in Italy

No, there is no reintroduction project in nature, either in Italy or in Europe.
The wolf did everything by itself: thanks to the legislative protection, the abundance of prey, its great adaptability and the dispersion process typical of the species, which leads newborns to leave the herd in search of new companions and territories, they it expanded across the peninsula until it reached the Alps.
During the dispersal process a wolf can also travel thousands of kilometers.

No, there is no plan for the repopulation or reintroduction of the wolf, either in Italy or in Europe.
The project Life Wolf Alps has the objective of carrying out coordinated actions for the long-term conservation of the population already existing in the Alps.
The only known reintroduction project is the one that took place in the United States, in Yellowstone Park where in the 90s a complex reintroduction project was undertaken that you can learn more by visiting this link (Eng).

The number of wolves that make up a pack is self-regulating based on the prey available in the area and on natural resources, due to natural mortality and the abandonment of the pack by young people in search of new territories.
The flocks in Italy are on average about 4/6 specimens but during the course of the year this number can grow or decrease for many factors.

No, the Italian wolf population (Canis lupus italicus) is a unique subspecies in the world.
Male specimens can weigh up to almost 40Kg, females even over 30Kg.
The recent meeting in the Alps between the Italian wolf population and the Dinaric / Carpathian population (Canis lupus lupus) from countries such as Croatia and Slovenia has brought an important enrichment of the genetic heritage of our subspecies, with a slight increase in size and weight of wolves in the Eastern Alps, since the Dinaric / Carpathian population is slightly larger than the Italic one (males 40/45 kg females 30/35 kg).

The wolf is a generalist and opportunistic predator and its prey of choice are wild ungulates such as wild boar, deer, roe deer, fallow deer, chamois and mouflons.
Occasionally, especially if not adequately protected, it is possible to feed on domestic cattle, food remains of anthropogenic origin, carcasses and very rarely fruit.
The daily meat requirement varies from 3 to 5 kg.

Wolves can approach the inhabited centers mainly during the night or twilight hours, both in summer and in winter.
Our country is very man-made, the territories of the flocks are very large, on average from 100 to 200 km q. and often also include population centers.

Yes, wolf and dog belong to the same species (Canis lupus) and can reproduce giving rise to fertile offspring, as well as to transmit diseases.
The hybridization between dog and wolf threatens the integrity of the genetic patrimony of the wild species fruit of a natural selection occurred in millions of years by introducing the dog's genes into the genetic patrimony of the wolf which is instead the result of an anthropic selection occurred in 14.000 years .
In Italy there are wolves defined as hybrid, that is, which have genes belonging to the dog within their DNA.
These are present in some Apennine areas while at the moment there have been no cases of hybridization in the Alps.

At the moment there is no scientific evidence that can demonstrate that a wolf born in nature and defined as "hybrid", that is, having in its DNA the presence of canine genes, behaves in a different way from a wolf that is "pure" in genetic analysis.

Yes, the wolf is potentially dangerous to humans just like many other animals, for example the deer, the wild boar, the bee, the mosquito, or the same domestic dog.
However, what should be kept in mind is that the wolf avoids the encounter with man, his great enemy over the centuries, fears him deeply, does not see him as a prey but rather as a threat from which to stand stay away.

The wolf generally does not see the dog as a possible prey but rather as a competitor.
The wolf can be a threat to dogs (they can attack and feed on them) when they are not under human control and are therefore left free to roam, stray, kept on the chain or not hospitalized in safe places especially at night.
The wolf, on the other hand, does not pose a potential threat to all those cases of dogs properly kept and under the control of their owner.

No, you can easily go for a walk in the woods.
The wolf sees a strong threat in man and tends to stay away and avoid any encounter.

Yes, the wolf has always been present in our country and over the past centuries it has undergone continuous persecution as an animal considered particularly harmful.
For this reason the killing of the wolf, once present also in Sicily, was encouraged and rewarded with compensation.
Starting from the 70s of the last century, when little more than a hundred were left of wolves, some laws have protected the wolf brought to the threshold of extinction, preventing its indiscriminate killing and thus promoting natural recovery.

In Italy some wolves, recovered and rehabilitated after accidents or found in difficulty, or sometimes caught with non-bloody methods within scientific research projects, are released in nature equipped with a radio collar that remains at the neck of the animal for a time preset before automatically disconnecting.
Collars radio equipped with GPS transmit the position of the wolf allowing researchers to obtain many useful data to study and understand their habits and behaviors.

Yes, studying the wolf is complex, because it is a very elusive animal and always very difficult to spot.
There are many non-invasive study techniques, such as tracing the slopes on snow useful for counting specimens of a flock, observations through automatic cameras called video / photo-traps or analyzes on biological samples such as excrements or urine.

The wolf in our country is the predator at the top of the food chain, does not "finish" its possible prey but regulates its density, improves its health (the strongest and shrewd animals will not be preyed upon by transmitting these improvement characteristics to future generations) .

The presence of the wolf obliges its potential prey to change habits and attitudes, the animals must be much more alert and linger less in the open spaces to take less risks, for this reason one has the impression that there are fewer.

The wolf does not know that sheep and cows are farmed animals and as a very opportunistic predator they see them simply as preys much easier to catch than wild species especially when preventive measures are not implemented.
This is why it is very important to encourage and encourage the protection of animals by breeders.

Yes, in the case of predation which must be ascertained by authorized personnel, indemnities are provided that pay off the predated garments on the basis of regional parameters.
However, it is important to underline that the compensation for damage on farm animals only covers the value of the predated head and does not take into account the "indirect" damage that a predatory attack can cause such as the loss of milk production, abortions. , missing animals.
Furthermore, the payment of compensation is often made with large delays and in some cases it is not congruous to the actual value of the garments.

No, electrified nets, mobile or fixed, guard dogs and the presence of the shepherd, are effective methods to protect farm animals.
Often used in combination, they allow a breeder to drastically reduce or eliminate predations even if they sometimes lead to an increase in work and management costs.

Yes, Abruzzese mastiffs or other breeds of guard dogs are the best means of preventing wolf attacks and have been used for many centuries in our country, with a tradition that originates in the regions of central Italy.

No, protecting farmed animals is an increase in labor and costs which in the context of an economy such as livestock farming, already in deep crisis for many reasons regardless of the wolf, puts farmers in difficulty.

No, the wolf is not a huntable species and is highly protected by Italian and European laws.
Killing a wolf is a criminal offense punishable even with imprisonment, however hundreds of wolves are illegally killed in Italy every year.

No, as the experiences of some European countries demonstrate, where kills on a defined percentage of wolves have already been practiced for years, killings are not the solution to protect farms, nor even a "social calm" for the categories affected by the attacks .

Several studies show that killing wolves on a specific territory does not prevent the rest from attacking pets anyway: predations have never decreased and in some cases they have sometimes increased, highlighting how kills themselves intensify predation activities on animals farmed.

Yes, the latest estimate in our country speaks of about 300 wolves killed illegally every year.
Unfortunately, being poaching a practice often practiced in silence, it is assumed that the numbers may be much higher.

Because of its great elusiveness and the mobility of the species, wolves are not "counted" but "esteemed".
In Italy between 1500 and 2500 wolves are estimated, including 293 in the Alps.

Encountering a wolf is rare but certainly not impossible, generally encounters occur at great distances and in most cases while you are on board a motor vehicle.

Behave like any encounter with a wild animal, keeping a safe distance without interfering or trying to get close.
If the encounter makes you uncomfortable and you are on foot, speak aloud or clap your hands so that you can perceive the animal and move away slowly.
If instead you want to enjoy the meeting keep in mind that the slightest noise could cause the animal to run away immediately.
If you meet a wolf or any other wild animal and you are in a car, avoid following it, the best thing is to stop and wait for the animal to leave the roadway.

No, there is no "lobby" linked to the wolf or which benefits economically from its presence.

The "Plan for the conservation and management of the wolf in Italy" is a document of the ministry of the environment and the protection of the territory and the sea that dictates the guidelines to the Italian regions for the conservation and management of the wolf in their territories.

The latest version available and approved by the regions is from 2002 and is available at this link, while a new version is still under discussion by the regions and the ministry which has yet to be approved.

The wolf plays a very important ecological role that in our country in the last decades was failing.
It is the predator at the top of the food chain and guarantees a balanced ecosystem rich in biodiversity.
For this reason, its presence and conservation are fundamental.